Toner, inozivikanwawo se toner, chinhu cheupfu chinoshandiswa mumaprinta emalaser kuratidza kusanganisa pabepa. Iyo poda cylinder yemukopi inoumbwa ne bonding resin, kabhoni nhema, charge control agent, ekunze additives uye zvimwe zvikamu. Colour toner inodawo kuwedzera pigment yemamwe mavara. Kana toner ichidhindwa, nekuda kweinosara monoma muresin yakanyungudika nekupisa, inoburitsa kunhuhwirira kwakashata, saka zviyero zvenyika uye zviyero zveindasitiri zvine zvirambidzo zvakasimba paTVOC ye toner. Saka chero bedzi iwe uchitenga printer kana toner cartridge yemhando inogamuchirwa, haungabudisi magasi anokuvadza kubva pakudhinda.

Polymerization nzira yakanaka yemakemikari toner tekinoroji, iyo inosanganisira (suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, kurodha mamicrocapsules, dispersion polymerization, compression polymerization, kemikari yehupfu. Iyo nzira yepolymerization inopedzwa muchikamu chemvura kugadzira toner ine tembiricha yekunyungudika yakaderera, inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa tekinoroji yemazuva ano yekuchengetedza simba uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza Nekugadzirisa kuyerwa kwekupararira, kumhanyisa kumhanya, nguva yepolymerization uye kusangana kwemhinduro, saizi ye toner inodzorwa kuti iwane yunifomu yekuumbwa, yakanaka ruvara uye yakakwira pachena polymerization ine chimiro chakanaka chechidimbu, saizi yakatsetseka, kugovera saizi yakamanikana uye kuyerera kwakanaka Inokwanisa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemazuva ano tekinoroji senge kumhanya, kukwirira uye ruvara.