1. Mukopi anoshandisa maitiro anogona kuitika e-optical conductor kubhadharisa optical conductor pasina chiedza, kuitira kuti nzvimbo yacho iite zvakafanana, uye zvakare kuburikidza nemusimboti we optical imaging, mufananidzo wepakutanga unofananidzirwa pane optical conductor.

2. Chikamu chemufananidzo hachina kuvhenekerwa, saka pamusoro pechiedza conductor chichiri nechaji, nepo nzvimbo isina mufananidzo yakavhenekerwa, saka kubhadharisa kuri pamusoro peiyo conductor mwenje kunopfuura nepasi peiyo substrate, kuitira kuti charge pamusoro pepamusoro inonyangarika, nokudaro kugadzira electrostatic latent image.

3. Kuburikidza nemusimboti we electrostatic, toner ine yakatarisana polarity charge inoshandiswa kushandura iyo electrostatic latent mufananidzo uri pamusoro peiyo optical conductor kuita mufananidzo we toner pamusoro peiyo optical conductor. Kuburikidza nemusimboti we electrostatic, iyo toner mufananidzo uri pamusoro peiyo optical conductor inotamirwa kumusoro kwebepa rekopi kuti ipedze iyo yekutanga maitiro ekukopa.